End of the Line? Paul Watson and the Future of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society

Authors

  • Gerry Joseph Nagtzaam Faculty of Law, Monash University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18533/journal.v3i2.258

Keywords:

Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, Paul Watson, whaling, eco-violence

Abstract

This paper critically examines the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (‘SSCS’) and the legal challenges they are currently facing to continue its self-appointed role to protect oceanic life through direct action.  In Part One, the article examines the history of this radical environmental group and; the role performed by its charismatic leader Paul Watson; it’s organisational structure and its strategies and tactics; its governing philosophy and its attitudes to violence.  Part Two provides a history of the various direct actions carried out by the group; it further examines the organisation’s ongoing confrontations with the Japanese whaling fleet; documents the current legal travails the group and its leader are experiencing; and lastly asks what impact these issues will have on the group’s viability as a direct action group going forward. 

Author Biography

  • Gerry Joseph Nagtzaam, Faculty of Law, Monash University

    Senior Lecturer

    Faculty of Law

References

“Activist Lashes Out as Sea Shepherd”, NZPA (7 October 2010), url: http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/4206365/Activist-lashes-out-at-Sea-Shepherd

“Ady Gil Sinks After Collision”, The Age, (8 January 2010), url: http://www.theage.com.au/actions/printArticle?id=1019084

“Campaigns from 1984-1986”, Sea Shepherd (1984, Summer) 3.

“Eco-Fugitive Paul Watson Resigns From Sea Shepherd”, The Toronto Sun, http://www.torontosun.com/2013/01/08/eco-fugitive-paul-watson-resigns-from-sea-shepherd, 8 January 2013

“Green Group Accused of Sinking Ship for a Stunt”, Sydney Morning Herald (8 October 2010), url: http://www.smh.com.au/environment/whale-watch/green-group-accused-of-sinking-ship-for-a-stunt-20101007-169u7.html

‘Japanese Media Report Arrest Warrant Issued for Sea Shepherd Leader Paul Watson’, Los Angeles Times (30 April 2010), http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/unleashed/2010/04/japanese-media-reports-arrest-warrant-issued-for-sea-shepherd-leader-paul-watson.html

“Japanese Whalers ‘Quit Hunting Ground’”, Sydney Morning Herald, http://www.smh.com.au/environment/whale-watch/japanese-whalers-quit-hunting-ground-20130302-2fcy7.html, accessed on 2 March 2013.

“Norway Declares Covert War”, Sea Shepherd Log (1993, Second Quarter) 4.

“Paul Watson Quits Sea Shepherd over US Court Order”, CBCNews, http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2013/01/08/canada-paul-watson-sea-shepherd-conservation-society-president.html, accessed on 8 January 2013

“Paul Watson Resigns as Leader of Anti-Whaling Organisation Sea Shepherd”, The Globe and Mail, http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/paul-watson-resigns-as-leader-of-anti-whaling-organisation-sea-shepherd/article7039373/, accessed on 8 January 2013

“Paul Watson tells Alex McClintock Why He Won’t Give up Fighting For the Whales”, Sydney Morning Herald (14 March 2010)

“Sea Shepherd Activist Boards Whaling Ship to 'Arrest' Captain”, url: http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/sea-shepherd-activist-boards-whaling-ship-to-arrest-captain

“Sea Shepherd Australia to Lead Antarctic Whale Defense Campaign”, Sea Shepherd, Australia http://www.seashepherd.org.au/news-and-media/2013/01/07/sea-shepherd-australia-to-lead-antarctic-whale-defense-campaign-1477, accessed on 7 January 2013.

“Sea Shepherd Has Intercepted the Whale Poachers Before a Single Whale is Killed”, Sea Shepherd Australia, http://www.seashepherd.org.au/news-and-media/2013/01/28/sea-shepherd-has-intercepted-the-whale-poachers-1482, accessed on 28 January, 2013

“Sea Shepherd History”, Sea Shepherd Log (1983, Winter) 4

“Sea Shepherd Launches Operation Zero Tolerance”, Sea Shepherd Australia, http://www.seashepherd.org.au/news-and-media/2012/11/05/sea-shepherd-launches-operation-zero-tolerance-1462, accessed on 5 November 2012

“Sea Shepherd Ships Set To Be Raided by Australian Federal Police”, Perth Now, <http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/national/sea-shepherd-fleet-set-to-be-raided-by-australian-federal-police/story-fndor8bb-1226589262705>, accessed on 3 March 2013

“Sea Shepherd Takes Battle Against ICR to US Supreme Court”, Sea Shepherd Australia, http://www.seashepherd.org.au/news-and-media/2013/02/13/sea-shepherd-takes-battle-against-icr-to-us-supreme-court-1497, 13 February, 2013

“Sea Shepherd Vessel Ady Gil Sinking after Being Hit by Japanese Whaler”, url: http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/sea-shepherd-obstructs-japans-whaling-operations-for-4th-time

“Sea Shepherds Record of Violence”, The High North News Extra, No. 7 (10 April 1994), http://www.highnorth.no/library/movements/Sea_Shepherd/se-sh-re.htm

‘Shepherd fugitive to stay at sea, The Age September, 2nd, 2012, http://www.theage.com.au/environment/whale-watch/shepherd-fugitive-to-stay-at-sea-20120901-2573r.html

“The SSS Sam Simon is Unveiled in Hobart, Tasmania”, Sea Shepherd Australia, http://www.seashepherd.org.au/news-and-media/2012/12/10/the-sss-sam-simon-is-unveiled-in-hobart-tasmania-1471, 10 December 2012

“US Court Tells Sea Shepherd to Stay Away from Japan’s Whaling Fleet in Southern Ocean”, MercoPress, http://en.mercopress.com/2012/12/19/us-court-tells-sea-shepherd-to-stay-away-from-japan-s-whaling-fleet-in-southern-ocean, accessed on 19 December 2012

“Watson Prepares Defense in Costa Rica”, Tico Times (Costa Rica), < http://www.ticotimes.net/Current-Edition/News-Briefs/Paul-Watson-prepares-defense-in-Costa-Rica_Wednesday-May-16-2012> accessed on 16 May 2012

AAP, ‘Whalers file lawsuit against Sea Shepherd’, December 09, 2011, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/whalers-file-lawsuit-against-sea-shepherd/story-fn3dxity-1226218341860

AAP, “Japanese whalers have ‘worst catch’ ever” The Age, April 6 2013, http://www.theage.com.au/environment/whale-watch/japan-whalers-haveworst-ever-catch-20130406-2hed5.html;

AFP ‘Sea Shepherd hit by legal harpoon’, December 09, 2011, http://www.couriermail.com.au/ipad/sea-shepherd-hit-by-legal-harpoon/story-fn6ck55c-1226218642187

AFP, ‘Anti Whaling Activist says Costa Rica seeking his arrest because it’s a ‘serving boy’ to Japan,, The Washington Post, June 27th, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/anti-whaling-activist-says-costa-rica-seeking-his-arrest-because-its-a-serving-boy-to-japan/2013/06/27/bda49b14-dedf-11e2-ad2e-fcd1bf42174d_print.html

AFP, “Sea Shepherd’s Wanted Watson to Join Anti-Whaling Fight”, Google, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ihUXk4B_swixfswA3yY7ZGrgbKwA?docId=CNG.8b9ff8e613fe19f3f1f5c2ac5c34d3c6.11, accessed on 2 November 2012

AFP, German court wants fugitive activist Paul Watson extradited, 25th July, 2012, http://news.yahoo.com/german-court-wants-fugitive-activist-paul-watson-extradited-111146440.html

AFP, Japan admits asking Germany to arrest, extradite Sea Shepherd chief, 28th July, 2012, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120728b6.html

AFP, May 18th, 2012, Anti-whaling leader freed on bail while extradition decided http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iJNfm-bWp3R...fkm4BYty0VCIEA?docId=CNG.0d8e1a34f8eed2b6a7343577531cf5e3.5f1

AFP, May 23, 2012, Anti-whaling leader says extraditing him won’t halt campaign, http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/World/Story/A1Story20120523-347755.html

AFP, The West Australian, ‘Japan is after revenge: Watson, 31st July, 2012, http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/breaking/14417081/japan-is-after-revenge-watson/

Agence France-Presse, ‘Anti­whaling crusader Paul Watson will receive a fair trial, says Costa Rica’s president’, May 23rd, 2012, http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/05/23/anti-whaling-crusader-paul-watson-will-recieve-a-fair-trial-says-costa-ricas-president/

Alexander C, “Protester Boards Japanese Whaling Vessel”, Sydney Morning Herald (15 February 2010), http://www.news.smh.com.au/action/printArticle?=1121105

Australian Protesters Safely Transferred to ACV Ocean Protector, January 13, 2012

Australian Whale Defenders On Their Way to Antarctica Against Their Will

Barker E, AFP, Anti-whaling group leader ordered held in Germany, May 13, 2012, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jDGUY_Py2v5...j4OGnenluS7cew?docId=CNG.cb81ca0cd4215a702104ce7afde58aba.181

BBC News Europe, ‘Sea Shepherd founder Paul Watson ‘flees Germany’, 26th July, 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18996972

Bennett C, “Ady Gil Captain Tells of Ramming at Sea”, Sydney Morning Herald (28 January 2010), http://news.smh.com.au/action/printArticle?id=1073407

Bondaroff, T.P ,‘Sailing with the Sea Shepherds’ (2011) Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, Vol. 13, No. 3, Spring, 1

Caprari A.M, ‘Lovable Pirates? The Legal Implications of the Battle Between Environmentalists and Whalers in the Southern Ocean, (2010) Connecticut Law Review, 1493

Captain Paul Watson Sends First Message To Supporters Since Departing Germany, 30th July, 2012, http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2012/07/30/captain-pau...pherd-first-message-for-supporters-since-departing-germany-1413

captainwatson@seashepherd.org 20 July 2011

captainwatson@seashepherd.org 3 August 2011

Costa Rica”, 13 May, 2012, <http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2012/05/13/captain-paul-watson-arrested-in-frankfurt-germany-on-warrant-issued-by-costa-rica-1374>

Darby A, “Anti-Whaling ‘Pirates’ Get More Muscle for Antarctic Skirmish”, The Age (10 January 2007) 7 (News)

Darby A, “Anti-Whaling Skipper Poses Problem over Arrest Notice”, Sydney Morning Herald <http://www.smh.com.au/environment/whale-watch/antiwhaling-skipper-poses-problem-over-arrest-notice-20121231-2c2q1.html>, accessed on 1 January 2013

Darby A, “Costa Rica Confirms Watson Extradition Demand”, The Sydney Morning Herald, 16 May, 2012, http://www.smh.com.au/environment/whale-watch/costa-rica-confirms-watson-extradition-demand-20120516-1yqmo.html

Darby A, “Japanese Ship Destroys Whale Protest Boat Ady Gil”, The Age (6 January 2010), url: http://www.theage.com.au/action/printArticle?id=1018264

Darby A, “Sea Shepherd Bans Activist Bethune from Protests”, The Age (9 June 2010) 3 (News)

Darby A, Activist arrested, May 15th, 2012, The Age, http://www.theage.com.au/environment/whale-watch/activist-arrested-20120514-1yn1b.html

Darby A, Attempted murder' probe: anti-whaling skipper faces deportation, May 14th 2012, The Age, http://www.theage.com.au/environment/whale-watch/attempted-murder-probe-antiwhaling-skipper-faces-deportation-20120514-1ylpf.html

Dowling S, ‘Veteran anti-whaling activist PaulWatson to be released on bail: Sea Shepherd group vows to fight founder's possible extradition from Germany to Costa Rica over 2002 incident at sea’ 18th May, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/may/18/anti-whaling-activist-paul-watson

Everest P., Fugitive Whale Wars star’s brother battling Stage 4 cancer; hopes Paul Watson makes it to London soon, 27th July, 2012, http://www.londoncommunitynews.com/2012/07/battling-stage-4-can...ugitive-whale-wars-star-hopes-paul-watson-comes-to-london-soon/

Focusing Attention On Things That Matter Is Always Positive: Commentary by Captain Paul Watson,

Freeman D, ‘Can Paul Watson get a fair trail in Costa Rica?’ 26th May, 2012, http://news.co.cr/can-paul-watson-get-a-fair-trial-in-costa-rica/7193/

Heller P., The Whale Warriors: On Board a Pirate Ship in the Battle to Save the World’s Largest Mammals (New York: Free Press, 2007) 35

Hoek A, ‘Sea Shepherd Conservation Society v. Japanese Whalers, the Showdown: Who Is the Real Villain?’ (2010) 3 Stanford Journal of Animal Law and Policy, 160

Home from the Sea; Home to the Trees: Forest Activist Heroes return home, Report by Jeff Hansen

http://www.seashepherd.org/commentary-and-editorials/2012/01/15/focusing-attention-on-things-that-matter-is-always-positive-508, January 15, 2012

Institute of Cetacean Research; Kyodo Senpaku Kaisha Ltd; Tomoyuki Ogawa; and Toshiyuki Muira v. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society and Paul Watson, United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit, No, 12-35266, Order, (17/12/12), http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2012/12/17/12-35266.pdf

INTERPOL statement to clarify the record concerning Paul Watson of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, 14th May, 2012, N20120514 / 2012 / News & media releases / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL A Red notice is framed as a request since INTERPOL does not have the authority to issue an arrest warrant nor can INTERPOL demand that a state arrest anyone. John R. Kennedy, Global News (CAN), Canadian activist Paul Watson named on Interpol's notice,

August 08, 2012, http://www.globalnews.ca/canadian+activist+paul+watson+named+on+interpols+notice/6442693600/story.html

Kennedy J.R, Canadian activist Paul Watson named on Interpol's notice, 8th August, 2012, http://www.globalnews.ca/canadian+activist+paul+watson+named+on+interpols+notice/6442693600/story.html

Khatchadourian R, “Neptune’s Navy: Paul Watson’s Wild Crusade to Save the Oceans”, The New Yorker (5 November 2007) 65

Kirby D, “Sea Shepherd’s Paul Watson Mocks Court’s ‘Pirate’ Ruling”, takepart.com, <http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/02/28/us-court-calls-sea-shepherd-pirates> accessed on 28 February 2013

Letter from Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd Conservation (November 1986) 1

List P.C, Radical Environmentalism: Philosophy and Tactics (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Inc., 1993).

Long D, Ecoterrorism: Library in a Book (New York: Facts on File, Inc., 2004) 7

Malik S, “Paul Watson, Anti-Whaling Campaigner, held in Germany over 2002 Incident”, The Guardian, 14 May, 2012, < http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/may/14/paul-watson-arrested-germany-sea-shepherd>

Manes C, Green Rage: Radical Environmentalism and the Unmaking of Civilization (Boston, Toronto: Little Brown and Company, 1990) 117

Moffa A.L.I, ‘Two Competing Models of Activism, One Goal: A Case: A Case Study of Anti-Whaling Campaigns in the Southern Ocean, (2012) 37 Yale Journal of International Law, 201

Peter Heller, The Whale Warriors: On Board a Pirate Ship in the Battle to Save the World’s Largest Mammals (New York: Free Press, 2007)

Petersen L, “OCEANS: Sea Shepherd takes Fight Against Japanese Whalers to Supreme Court”, Sea Shepherd Australia, http://www.seashepherd.org.au/news-and-media/2013/02/12/oceans-sea-shepherd-takes-fight-against-japanese-whalers-to-supreme-court-1493, accessed on 12 February, 2013

Proussalidis D, Feds slam 'reckless' eco-vigilante

Roeschke J.E., Eco-Terrorism and Piracy on the High Seas: Japanese Whaling and the Rights of Private Groups to Enforce International Conservation Law in Neutral Waters, 20 Villanova Environmental Law, Vol. XX, 2009, 99

Sansone K, ‘Sea Shepherd attacks Maltese Fisherman, Two Sent to Hospital’, Times of Malta (18 June 2010)

Scarce, Eco-Warriors: Understanding the Radical Environment Movement

Sea Shepherd boss blames Japan for arrest, May 22, 2012, http://www.theage.com.au/environment/whale-watch/sea-shepherd-boss-blames-japan-for-arrest-20120522-1z2ta.html

Sea Shepherd leader fears for his life, http://www.theage.com.au/environment/whale-watch/sea-shepherd-leader-fears-for-his-life-20120517-1ys4h.html accessed on May 17th, 2012.

Setting the Record Straight on Paul Watson's Legal Status: Sea Shepherd Addresses the Impact Of Interpol ‘Red Notice’ On Captain Watson and the Organization’s Operations, August 11th, 2012, w.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2012/08/11/setting-the-record-straight-on-paul-watsons-status-1425

Sharkwater Directed and Produced by Rob Stewart. Canada: Alliance Films, 2006. DVD, 44 minute mark

Shepherd Conservation Society, http://www.seashepherd.org/ (accessed on 6 July 2013)

Stylianou G, “High-Seas Protester Slips Past Kiwi Search”, stuff.co.nz <http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/8148473/High-seas-protester-slips-past-Kiwi-search>, accessed on 7 January 2013

US Court Order to Prevent Clashes Between Japanese Whalers and Sea Shepherd Vessels”, The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/us-court-order-to-prevent-clashes-between-japanese-whalers-and-sea-shepherd-vessels/story-e6frg6so-1226540130562, 19 December 2012

Watson P, “Captain’s Log”, Sea Shepherd Log (1993, Third Quarter)

Watson P, Earthforce!: An Earth Warrior’s Guide to Strategy (Los Angeles, CA: Chaco Press, 1993)

Watson P, Ocean Warrior: My Battle to End the Illegal Slaughter on the High Seas (Toronto: Key Porter Books Ltd, 1994)

Watson P, Sea Shepherd: My Fight for Whales and Seals (New York and London: W.W. Norton and Company, 1982)

Watson P., ‘The Law Takes Precedence Over Justice in Germany’, May 24th, 2012, http://www.seashepherd.org/commentary-and-editorials/2012/05/29/the-law-takes-precedence-over-justice-in-germany-540

Westlake A, “Japan’s Whaling Industry Looks Forward to Arrest of Sea Shepherd’s Watson”, The Japan Daily Press, <http://japandailypress.com/japans-whaling-industry-looks-forward-to-arrest-of-sea-shepherds-watson-0517837>, accessed on 5 November 2012

Westlake A, “Paul Watson Steps Down as Sea Shepherd Leader, Australian Greens’ Bob Brown Takes Over”, The Japan Daily Press, http://japandailypress.com/paul-watson-steps-down-as-sea-shepherd-leader-australian-greens-bob-brown-takes-over-0821046, accessed on 8 January 2013

Weston P, Founder of Sea Shepherd, Is Arrested in Germany - NYTimes.com, 17th June, 2012, http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/germany-detains-activist-captain-connected-with-whale-wars/

Weyler, Greenpeace: An Insiders Account

Whale Wars, Season 1. Produced by Animal Planet, 2009

Willacy M, “Sea Shepherd’s Watson on Interpol’s Wanted List”, Australian Broadcasting Company (27 June 2010)

Yamaguchi M, “Japan Court Convicts NZ anti-whaling Activist”, Associated Press (7 July 2010).

Downloads

Published

2014-03-04

Issue

Section

Article

Similar Articles

1-10 of 173

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.